Turkey

April to May and September to October usually offer the best balance of comfortable weather and manageable crowds. The coast is hottest in midsummer, while eastern and central regions have shorter, cooler seasons.

Many popular destinations receive large numbers of visitors, but travelers should stay alert in crowded places and avoid demonstrations. Do not travel within 10 kilometers of the Syria or Iraq borders, and check current government advice.

Tap water is treated in many cities, but taste and infrastructure vary. Travelers often choose bottled or filtered water, especially outside major urban areas; avoid unnecessary single-use plastic where refill stations are reliable.

Domestic flights save time across long distances. Intercity buses are extensive and often comfortable, while trains suit selected routes. In Istanbul, ferries, metro lines, trams, and buses are usually more practical than taxis.

Cards are widely accepted in cities and established businesses, but small eateries, local markets, transport top-ups, and rural stops may require cash. Keep modest amounts of Turkish lira and use reputable ATMs.

Dress modestly at mosques and religious sites: shoulders and knees should be covered, and women may need a head covering. Remove shoes before entering prayer areas and avoid visiting during active prayer times.

Tipping is customary but not rigid. In restaurants, cafés, taxis, and salons, 5–10 percent is generally appreciated when service is good; check whether a service charge has already been added.

The Aegean and Mediterranean coasts offer beaches, ruins, and slower villages; Cappadocia brings distinctive volcanic landscapes; the Black Sea is greener and less predictable. Eastern Turkey rewards travelers with more time and careful planning.