5 O’Clock Tea: The history behind Britain’s most famous tradition
Discover the history of 5 O’Clock Tea, Britain’s beloved tradition of elegance, fine teas, and delicate treats, served in London’s top tea spots.

5 o’clock in the afternoon may seem like just another moment in the day, but for the British, it marks one of their most cherished traditions—5 o’clock tea. More than just a drink, it is a ritual that embodies elegance, hospitality, and social connection.

From its aristocratic origins in the 19th century to its modern-day luxury offerings in London’s finest hotels, afternoon tea remains an enduring symbol of British culture.

The Origins of 5 O’Clock Tea

The tradition of 5 o’clock tea dates back to the early 1840s and is credited to Anna, the Duchess of Bedford, a close friend of Queen Victoria. During this period, it was customary for people to eat just two main meals a day—a large breakfast and a late evening dinner. As a result, many aristocrats experienced a hunger dip in the late afternoon.

To bridge the gap, Duchess Anna began requesting a pot of tea, bread, butter, and small cakes in her private chambers. Finding this light meal refreshing, she soon started inviting her friends to join her, transforming a simple refreshment into a social event.

By the mid-19th century, afternoon tea had become an essential gathering for high-society women, featuring elegant gowns, lavish spreads, and polite conversation. The tradition quickly spread beyond the aristocracy, evolving into a beloved British custom.

How afternoon tea became a British Institution

As the Victorian era progressed, afternoon tea became an established part of British culture, extending beyond the nobility. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, tea rooms and cafés began offering afternoon tea to the growing middle class, making it more accessible to the public.

Tea, London, Photo by Jelleke Vanooteghem on Unsplash
Photo by Jelleke Vanooteghem on Unsplash

Several factors contributed to its popularity:

  • The Rise of Tea Culture – The British East India Company had established a strong trade in Chinese and Indian tea, making tea an essential part of everyday life.
  • Industrialization & Urbanization – As cities expanded, tea rooms and hotels began serving afternoon tea, creating new social spaces for business meetings and leisure.
  • The Role of Women – Afternoon tea became a respectable way for women to socialize in public, offering a rare space outside the home where they could gather independently.

By the early 20th century, afternoon tea was not just an elite indulgence—it had become an integral part of British life.

What defines a traditional afternoon tea?

A traditional afternoon tea begins with a carefully curated selection of high-quality loose-leaf teas, often served with milk or lemon. Among the most popular choices is Earl Grey, a fragrant black tea infused with bergamot oil, offering a distinctive citrusy aroma. Assam, known for its bold and malty flavor, is a favorite for those who enjoy a stronger brew. Meanwhile, Darjeeling, often referred to as the “Champagne of teas,” is prized for its delicate, floral notes. Another classic is English Breakfast, a robust blend perfect for pairing with milk and sugar. In modern times, many establishments have expanded their offerings to include green teas, herbal infusions, and even rare white teas, catering to a broader range of tastes.

No afternoon tea would be complete without a selection of delicate finger sandwiches, typically made with crustless, thinly sliced bread and filled with time-honored ingredients. The simplicity of cucumber with butter or cream cheese highlights the freshness of the bread, while smoked salmon with lemon and dill offers a refined, savory touch. Another favorite is egg mayonnaise with cress, a creamy and mild combination that balances well with the other flavors on the plate. For a more indulgent option, Coronation chicken—a spiced, curried chicken salad originally created for Queen Elizabeth II’s coronation—adds a hint of exotic flair. These light yet flavorful sandwiches set the stage for the next indulgent course.

Perhaps the most beloved element of afternoon tea is the warm, freshly baked scone, served with thick clotted cream and sweet strawberry jam. This simple yet indulgent treat has inspired an age-old debate over the proper way to eat it. The Cornish method dictates that jam goes first, followed by a generous dollop of clotted cream, while the Devonshire method insists that clotted cream should be spread first, topped with jam. Regardless of preference, the combination of buttery scones, rich cream, and fruity jam is a signature delight of British tea culture.

To complete the experience, a traditional afternoon tea ends with an assortment of fine pastries and cakes. Among the classics is the Victoria sponge cake, a light and airy treat layered with jam and cream. Lemon drizzle cake, with its moist texture and citrusy glaze, adds a refreshing contrast. Another iconic choice is Battenberg cake, easily recognized by its checkerboard pattern of pink and yellow sponge wrapped in a thin layer of marzipan. While tradition remains at the heart of afternoon tea, many modern establishments now incorporate French-inspired delicacies, such as macarons, éclairs, and fruit tarts, bringing a touch of international flair to this quintessentially British ritual.

Where to experience 5 o’clock tea in London

London is home to some of the world’s most prestigious afternoon tea experiences, each offering a unique take on this iconic tradition. Here are some of the finest places to indulge:

1. The Ritz London

Perhaps the most famous afternoon tea in the world, The Ritz serves a traditional and luxurious experience in its opulent Palm Court. Guests can enjoy a selection of fine teas, delicate pastries, and live piano music.

2. Claridge’s

A blend of heritage and modernity, Claridge’s afternoon tea is renowned for its impeccable service, elegant ambiance, and innovative menu that includes seasonal ingredients.

London, Claridge’s Hotel / Photo by Samuel Regan-Asante on Unsplash

3. Fortnum & Mason

As one of the oldest tea merchants in London, Fortnum & Mason offers a refined afternoon tea experience in its elegant Diamond Jubilee Tea Salon, featuring exclusive tea blends and British confections.

4. The Goring

A favorite among royalty and high society, The Goring offers a quintessentially British tea experience, with scones made using a secret family recipe.

5. Brown’s Hotel

The birthplace of traditional English afternoon tea, Brown’s Hotel has been serving tea in its elegant Drawing Room since 1837, making it one of London’s oldest and most historic venues.

6. The Savoy

With a history dating back to 1889, The Savoy’s afternoon tea is served in the iconic Thames Foyer, accompanied by classical music and an extensive tea selection.

London, The Savoy, Christian Lendl on Unsplash

7. Sketch (Mayfair)

For those looking for a contemporary twist, Sketch offers a playful and artistic afternoon tea, served in a pink-hued, gallery-like setting with an innovative, Instagram-worthy menu.

Final thoughts on 5 O’Clock tea

Whether enjoyed in a five-star hotel or a cozy London tea room, afternoon tea remains one of Britain’s most treasured traditions. While its origins lie in the aristocratic salons of the 19th century, it continues to delight locals and visitors alike, evolving with the times while preserving its timeless elegance.

If you find yourself in London, taking time to enjoy a proper afternoon tea is an experience like no other—a moment of indulgence, culture, and history served in a delicate porcelain cup.

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